1．Material Variance

　　⑴total material variance=standard cost–actual cost

　　⑵material price variance=(standard price–actual price)*actual quantity

　　⑶material usage variance=(standard usage of actual output-actual usage)*standard price.

　　2．Direct Labor Variance

　　⑴standard pay–actual pay

　　⑵Labor rate variances=(standard rate–actual rate)*actual hrs of actual output

　　⑶Labor efficiency variances=(standard hrs of actual output–actual hrs)*standard rate

　　3．Variable production overhead variances

　　⑴Total variable O.H.variance=standard cost–actual cost

　　⑵Variable O.H.expenditure variance=(standard rate–actual rate)*actual hrs

　　⑶Variable O.H.efficiency variance=(standard hrs of actual output–actual hrs)*standard rate

　　4．Fixed O.H.expenditure variance

　　⑴Fixed O.H.Expenditure variance=budget expenditure–actual expenditure

　　⑵Fixed O.H.volume=(actual output-budgeted volume)*standard hrs per unit*standard rate per hr.

　　⑶Capacity variance=(actual hrs worked–budgeted hrs worked)*standard rate per hr

　　⑷Efficiency variance=(standard hrs worked for actual output–actual hrs worked)*standard rate per hr⑴+⑵：Fixed O.H.total variance=fixed O.H.absorbed–actual expenditure

　　5．Sales variance

　　⑴Sales price variances=(actual price–budget price)*actual sales units

　　⑵Sales volume variances=(actual sales units–budget sales units)*standard profit per unit

　　(absorption)

　　⑶Sales volume variances=(actual sales units–budget sales units)*standard CPU(marginal costing)

　　6．Idle time variances

　　Idle time variance=(expected idle time–actual idle time)*adjusted hr rate